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The area in which the city of
Fort Lauderdale would later be founded was inhabited for more than a
thousand years by the Tequesta Indians.  Contact with Spanish explorers in the 16th century proved
disastrous for the Tequesta, as the Europeans unwittingly brought with them diseases to which the
native populations possessed no resistance, such as smallpox. For the Tequesta, disease, coupled
with continuing conflict with their Calusa neighbors, contributed greatly to their decline over the next
two centuries.  By 1763, there were only a few Tequesta left in
Florida, and most of them were
evacuated to Cuba when the Spanish ceded Florida to the British in 1763, under the terms of the
Treaty of Paris (1763), which ended the Seven Years' War.  Although control of the area changed
between Spain, England, the United States, and the Confederated States of America, it remained
largely undeveloped until the 20th century.

The
Fort Lauderdale area was known as the "New River Settlement" before the 20th century. In the
1830's there were approximately 70 settlers living along the New River. William Cooley, the local
Justice of the Peace, was a farmer and wrecker, who traded with the Seminole Indians. On January 6,
1836, while Cooley was leading an attempt to salvage a wrecked ship, a band of Seminoles attacked
his farm, killing his wife and children, and the children's tutor. The other farms in the settlement were
not attacked, but all the white residents in the area abandoned the settlement, fleeing first to the Cape
Florida Lighthouse on Key Biscayne, and then to Key West.  The first United States stockade named
Fort Lauderdale was built in 1838, and subsequently was a site of fighting during the Second
Seminole War. The fort was abandoned in 1842, after the end of the war, and the area remained
virtually unpopulated until the 1890s. It was not until Frank Stranahan arrived in the area in 1893 to
operate a ferry across the New River, and the Florida East Coast Railroad's completion of a route
through the area in 1896, that any organized development began. The city was incorporated in 1911,
and in 1915 was designated the county seat of newly formed
Broward County.

Fort Lauderdale's first major development began in the 1920s, during the Florida land boom of the
1920s. The 1926
Miami Hurricane and the Great Depression of the 1930s caused a great deal of
economic dislocation. When World War II began, Fort Lauderdale became a major US Navy base, with
a Naval Air Station to train pilots, radar and fire control operator training schools, and a Coast Guard
base at Port Everglades.[15]

After the war ended, service members returned to the area, spurring an enormous population
explosion which dwarfed the 1920s boom. The 1960 Census counted 83,648 people in the city, about
230% of the 1950 figure. A 1967 report estimated that the city was approximately 85% developed, and
the 1970 population figure was 139,590.  After 1970, as
Fort Lauderdale became essentially built out,
growth in the area shifted to suburbs to the west. As cities such as
Coral Springs, Miramar, and
Pembroke Pines experienced explosive growth, Fort Lauderdale's population stagnated, and the city
actually shrank by almost 4,000 people between 1980, when the city had 153,279 people, and 1990,
when the population was 149,377. A slight rebound brought the population back up to 152,397 at the
2000 census.  Since 2000, Fort Lauderdale has gained slightly over 18,000 residents through
annexation of seven neighborhoods in unincorporated
Broward County. Today, Fort Lauderdale is a
major yachting center, one of the nation's largest tourist destinations, and the center of a metropolitan
division with 1.8 million people.

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